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the middle thereof two vert-ical mandi-els, B C, lilr N' dtniwi gutem HENRY H. BAsHoHE, or PHILADELPHIA, PENHsYL'vAN-IA.

` Leners Patent No. 100,704, amd Marcas, i870.

IMPROVEMENT IN DQVETAILINGMACHINE.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent making part of the same To all whom it may concern Be. it known that I, HENRY H. BAsHoRE, of the `city and county of Philadelphia, and State ot Penn- Sylvania, have inventedcertain new andvusetul Improvements in Convertible Dovetailing and Shaping- Machines; andI do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation ot'` the same, reference 'being had tothe accompanying drawings which make part of the same, and in whichl.

Figure 1 represents a plan or top view of my machine as arranged for tenoning and mbrtising windowsash.

` Figure 2 represents a vertical transverse section through'the line :c :v ot' iig. 1. v v Figure 3 represents asection taken at right angles to tig. 2 at the line Yy y of fig. 1, showing the machine converted from 'a mortising and tenoning to a shapingsmachine, the mandrel carrying the dovetailing cutter turned down beneath the table ot' the shaping- Figure 4 representsa portion of the mandrel, showing the manner'of adjusting and clamping the cutters to the threadedend thereof.'

Figure 5 represents an elevation of a portion of one of thermandrels with the coping-head and tenoning` tool thereon. Y Y

Figure 6 represents an elevation of a portion of tpe mandrel and the cnt-ters used in the shaping-mac nne. l

Fi ure 7 `re resents a section of the carria fe Showing the compound adjustable supporting-railand Myinvention `coi'isists inadjusting the cutters of the mortising, tenoning, and dovetailing-tools to adapt them to varying thicknesses ot'. sash by means of al male screw-thread formed on the upper `ends of the mandrels, a female screwftln'ead, formed in the eye of the cutter-plate, and a clamping-nut, whereby they are adjusted and clamped to said screw-threaded man` drel without the use `of washers, as heretofore practised, andavoiding the necessity iol a vertical adjustmentof the mandreland its supporting-plate, whereby said adjustment can be made with the greatestdegrec of' exactness andi'acility, and without the removal of the cutters to remove and replace washers ot' different thicknesses.

My improvement further consists in converting a sash-machine into `a machine for shaping and dressing regular and irregular forms without removing either of the mandrels from their supporting-dames by .means as will behereinatter described.

1n the accompanying drawings- A represents the frame of a machine, carrying near upon which are secured the mortising, tenoning and dovetailiug-cutters, ,and a transverse gauging-carriage,

`D, and at one end thereof a. boring-mandrel,E, op-

erated in connection with the cutter-mandrels.'

The mandrels B and C are secured in suitable boxes in vertical cast-iron frames F F', attached' to the main frame A in any convenient manner. s

The mandrel B carries, at lits upper end, suitable 'cutter-saft', for cutting the mortise and tenons in the stiles and meeting rails, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, and

the mandrel() carries the cut-ter b, for cutting the dovetail of the several parts, and the arm H,`which supports its journal-bearings, is pivoted near its lower end at I to its supporting-haine F', vto allow of the oblique adjustment of the mandrel C for giving the proper inclination to the dovetail, and said mandrel, when so adjusted, is held by a clamp-screw, J, tting rin a slot, c, tig. 3, Inadeconcentric with the axis of the pivotof said mandrel.

The plate F', which carries this mandrel', is also made adjustable horizontally by means of a screw, K, secured to the main frame for adjusting the mandrel G ofthe said dovetailing-cutter b toward or from Ithe transverse carriage D, to give to the material the proper depth of mortise. J

The carriage D, upon which the material is placed, is fitted to move upon ways d d' across the end of the machine, so as to present the end ofthe stile or meeting rail successively to the cutters to eut the mortise, tenon, and dovetail at'one operation. a

The cutters consist of a steel plate formel/into four (more or less) curved arms, ot' equal radius,\ with their ends beveled, so as to form chisel cutters, as shown in tig. 1.

vIn order to secure them uponf their mandrels with; l out the necessity of being placed between washers, I

reduce the upper ends e of the mandrels, in diameter, a length necessary for the reception and adjustment vof the cutter-plates, and form thereon screw-threads e, and provide `the eye of the cutter-plates with corresponding screw-threads, so as to be screwed directly onto the screw of the inaudrels, and in connection with each screw-mandrel and cutter-plate I employ a' single .screw-nut, L, arranged either below or above the cutter, as more clearly shown in iig. 4, so that when the cutter-plate or plates are properly adjusted iug the cutter to the right or left, and by means of a common wrench, lock it with the nut L, so that the strain upon the threads ofthe uut and the cutter'- plates will he communicated vertically upon the threads e of the mandrel embraced between each cutter-plate and the. unt to such a degree as to unite them sccurely.

This method of securing the cutters also obviates the necessity of removing them from the mandrel to remove and substitute washers of ditl'ercnt thicknesses. 1t also obviates thc-necessity of making the frame which carries the mandrel adjustable vertically to compensate for the ditliculty of making the proper' adjustment by washers, as heretofore.

'lhe mandi-els of the cutters thus arranged and operating are provided with pulleys M N, around which a band, O, passes to give motion thereto, while a band P passes from a second pulley on the mandrel B to a pulley ou the horizontal drivingshaft Q at the end ot' the frame from which a band, R, also, leads to drive the boring-mandrel E, as shown in tig. 1.

'lhe ca rriage is provided, in the usual manner, with two supporting-rails or guidebars f y, one of which, f, is made tixed, the other, y, adjustable in the direction of its length.

'lhese bars are also provided with adjustable gaugeplates h to gauge the material to th'e'properdepth of cut.

The adjustable gudebar" q is secured tothe carriage lI) by means of clamp-screws passing. through slots in the latter, by which it may be adjusted and clamped, and in order to increase the capacity of this adjustment ofthe. supporting-bar, I also make the gauge-plate i of this bar adjustable by means of a slot and clamp-screw, as shown in tig. 7, by which it may be moved in or out, and clamped independently of the adjustable supporting-rail g.

This supporting-bar g has its sides inclined downward, and the upper surface of the carriage on either 'side of the bar is beveled to i'orrn a right angle with 'the said inclined bar, to hold the material atthe proper angle to the dovetailing-cutter, as shown in tig. 2.

'Ihe operation ofthe machine, as thus organized, consists simply in placing the material at the proper gauge upon the. carriage, so as to receive first the action of the upper cutter' a to cut the recess forr the check side 0f the meeting rail,-while the lower cutter aff, on the same mandrel, cuts a slot through t'rom the face of the mortise, after which the carriage D is moved on to the cutterb of the second mandrel, which cuts out the remaining portion of the mort-ise and gives it the required dovetail, which finishes the end ot' the stile.

In cutting the stile of the upper sash, the dovetailing-cntter b is adjusted toward the carriage to give it the proper dovetail, and in cutting the stile of the lower sash the critter' is adjusted from the carriage.

In cutting the tenons ot' the meeting rails, the cutters a a are removed from the mandrel B, and instead thereof the coping-head S of cutters is adj usted upon the screw-end e ofthe mandrel, and a critter-plate, a, immediately above. lhe coping-head S cuts the recess to form the coping-shoulder' for the molding of the style, while the upper cutter cuts the upper part of the mortise. The carriage D is then moved on to the second mandrel C to receive the action of t-he dovetailing-cutter b, the mandrel of which is adjusted vertical, while the meeting rail is held against the inclined side of the guide-bar g and the inclined part j, ot" the carriage D, to incline it to the proper angle for the dovetail. The opposite end of the meeting rail is eut in the same manner, by turning it end for end, and placing it against the outer inclined side of the guide-rail and inclined part j' of the carriage.

The horizontal boring-mandrel E is provided with bits and angers, for the purpose of boring the holes in the stiles to receive the sash-cord, and in which to torm the knot by which it is connected to the sash.

In changing the machine thus described, for preparing sash for window-frames into a machine for shaping regular and irregular forms, neither of the mandi-els is removed, but the cutters ,of mandrel B are taken off. The organizationl of the machine is then changed by removing the carriage D and turning up the inner horizontal carriage-way d', which is hinged for that purpose at one end, as shown in dotted lines in tig. 2, so as to allow the mandrel C ofthe dovetailingcutter to be brought over into the space beneath the said carriage-ways, and thus be entirely below the top ot' the frame, the way d' being held rigidly, when' in place, by fitting into a groove and over a guide-pin in the frame, as shown in tig. 2, leaving the top of the latter clear, to receive a table, T, having a hole therein v through which the threaded end of the mandrel B projects, as shown in fig. 3, to receive the shapingcutt'ers, which are clamped and adj ust-ed between collars in the usual manner, and the material shaped or dressed according to any desired pattern.

The frame of this mandrel, when so used, may be adjusted vertically, to bring the cutters to the proper height iu connection with the pattern, in the ordinary way.

Turning the mandrel C beneath. the top of the frame, it will be observed, obviates th'e necessity of its removal from the frame, and thus the additional advantage of avoiding the necessity of removing the cutter therefrom, which is turned 'out of the way by' nnclamping it and its clamping-nut, and screwing them down againstthe shoulder' of the mandrel.' to turning the mandrel beneath the frame out of the way, it is only necessary to slip the band O from eitherone or both of the pulleys M N of the mandrels,'as shown in Iig. 3.

The change, therefore, from a sash-machine to a shaping-machine by the means described, is e'ected with facility, and whilst it doubles the capacity of the machine, involves comparatively no labor.

Having thus described my invention,

I claim- 1. In a dovetailing-machine having two vertical mandi-els with cutters above the table, so arranging one, C, within the frame, that it may be turned with its saws beneath the table T, and out of the way, for the purpose of adapting a sash-tenoning machine to be used with its fixed mandrel B as a turning and shaping-machine without removing cit-her of the mandrels from their bearings, as herein shown and described.

2. The inner way d ot' the carriage D, hinged for the purpose ot' Aallowing it to be turned up, to admit the mandrel C Aand its cutter to be turned thereunder o nt ot' the. way in changing the machine, as herein described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

HENRY H. BASHORE.

Witnesses T. H. UPPERMAN, A. E. H. Jonsson.

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